Food Allergy: Peanut

Overview

When a person with a peanut allergy eats peanuts, their body reacts
as if the peanuts are trying to cause harm. It fights back by
setting off an allergic reaction. A mild reaction may include
raised, itchy patches of skin that are red or the same color as the
person's skin. These are called hives. A severe reaction may cause
hives all over, swelling in the throat, trouble breathing, nausea or
vomiting, or fainting. This is called anaphylaxis (say
"ANN-uh-fuh-LAK-suss"). An anaphylactic reaction can be
life-threatening and is a medical emergency.

A good way to prevent an allergic reaction is to avoid the foods
that cause it. Peanuts might be found in foods such as chili and
vegetable oils. An allergy doctor or a dietitian may be able to help
you understand which foods might be okay and what to avoid. Learn
what to do if you or your child has a reaction.

Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be
sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor if you
are having problems. It's also a good idea to know your test results
and keep a list of the medicines you take.

How can you care for yourself at home?

During a mild reaction

• Take a nondrowsy antihistamine, such as loratadine (Claritin), as
  your doctor recommends. Be safe with medicines. Read and follow
  all instructions on the label.

During a severe reaction

• Give yourself an epinephrine medicine, such as an epinephrine shot
  or nasal spray. Keep it with you at all times. Make sure it has
  not expired.

• Call for emergency help. A severe allergic reaction can be
  life-threatening and is a medical emergency.

To prevent future reactions

• Avoid the foods that cause problems. And try not to use utensils
  or cookware that may have been in contact with food that you are
  allergic to.

• Teach your family members, coworkers, and friends what to do if
  you have a severe reaction to a food that you are allergic to.

• Wear medical alert jewelry that lists your allergies. You can buy
  this at most drugstores.

When should you call for help?

Use an epinephrine medicine, such as an epinephrine shot or nasal
spray, if:

• You think you are having a severe allergic reaction.

• You have symptoms in more than one body area, such as mild nausea
  and an itchy mouth.

After you give an epinephrine medicine, call 911 , even if
you feel better.

Call 911 anytime you think you may need emergency care. For
example, call if:

• You have symptoms of a severe allergic reaction. These may
  include:

  • Sudden raised, red areas (hives) all over your body.

  • Swelling of the throat, mouth, lips, or tongue.

  • Trouble breathing.

  • Passing out (losing consciousness). Or you may feel very
    lightheaded or suddenly feel weak, confused, or restless.

  • Severe belly pain, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea.

Contact your doctor now or seek immediate medical care if:

• You have symptoms of an allergic reaction, such as:

  • A rash or hives (raised, red areas on the skin).

  • Itching.

  • Swelling.

  • Mild belly pain or nausea.

Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact
your doctor if:

• You do not get better as expected.

Current as of: October 25, 2024
Content Version: 14.6

Care instructions adapted under license by your healthcare
professional. If you have questions about a medical condition or
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